About ATMA

District Profile

Sahebganj district is situated on the bank of Holly Ganga river. It is characterized by high hills deep valleys , perennial streams , dark forest , green fields and unadulterated tribal life and their culture. Sahebganj was upgraded to a district in the east while Bihar on June 1983 and Later on become a district of Jharkhand after its formation on 15 November 2000.

Sahebganj with a geographical area of 2028 sq. km. and a population of 9.27 lakhs is primarily a rural economy. About 75% population resides in rural areas and more then 80% of the total labour force is dependent on agriculture.

The district has been categorized under sub-zone 3-IV of agro climatic zone VII known as Eastern plateau region.

Average annual rainfall varies from 1304 mm to 1409 mm this zone , out of which 80% is received during four monsoon months (June-September). Monsoon is erratic and late arrival and early cessation are not uncommon. The assured irrigation is available to hardly 8-9% area during kharif, 6% during rabi 1-2% during summer season. In the absence of perennial river system , the agriculture is largely rain dependent.

Agriculture economy of the district is characterized by the existence of large number of small marginal farmers. Agriculture operation in the district is of the subsistence type due to the adverse land : man ratio. Land distribution pattern among the cultivators is highly fragmented and a large number of holdings are uneconomic. About 80% operational holdings are below 2.0 ha. Majority of the farmers thus fall under the category of small and marginal farmers subsisting on a very small earning from farming occupation. They have little or no resources of their own to provide for high cost input needed to increase the agricultural productivity. The primarily undulated type of the terrain of the district offers mainly two types of land resources – the uplands and low lands and their varieties which are suitable for the production of a wide range of crops.

However , one of the important factors for under development character of agriculture is the predominance of food crops in district. About 92% cropped area is covered under food grains and hardly 3-5% area is under cash crop. As a result returns per unit land and labour in the district is too low.

Moreover , in spite of the largely rain fed agriculture system and hardly 8% assured irrigation , the paddy is the prime crop of the district. Low lands that constitute approximately 40% of the total cropped area remain largely mono-cropped under rice. This lack of elasticity in the cropping pattern makes the farmers all the more vulnerable against any deviation in rainfall – whether qualitative or quantitative.

The agriculture sector , however , is the main stay of the district’s economy. The growth in this sector has bearing on the growth of the other sectors and subsequently the GDP growth rate of the State.

It is a big challenge to find ways to make farming a viable enterprise in an agricultural system that is primarily based on small and marginal farmers with minimal resources. The subsistence farming which focus on the cultivation of cereals is no longer viable for marginal and small farm families. Net returns from cereals based farming on the small and marginal land holding have been abysmally low. Meeting with , the farm expenditure and consumption expenditure , off – farm families with these meager amounts is just not possible.

However , through shifts in cropping pattern , from cereal based to that based on horticultural crops , there is increasing evidence of enhanced income from marginal and small farm lands with horticultural based farming , it is possible to make small and marginal land holdings viable as well as to enhance the living standards of the farm families. Moreover , the horticultural crops have tremendous potential of making optimum use of barren and waste lands which otherwise are put to either no or minimal use. In addition to the above , if farmers are encouraged to go in for improved farming practices along with other allied activities such as dairy , poultry , fishery etc., the income generation will not only increase substantially but also would assist the farmers in mitigating the risks faced by exposure to a single sector – agriculture.

Integration of the above activities would definitely play an important role in diversification of land use for its better utilization , improvement in productivity , increase in employment opportunities , better economic returns and nutritional security.

SAHEBGANJ DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

1. GEOGRAPHY

Longitude (Approximate) : 87⁰25’ East to 87⁰54, East

Latitude (Approximate) : 24⁰ 42, North to 25⁰ 21, North

Altitude (Approximate) : 37. 185 m.

Total Area : 2028 Sq. Kms.

2. DEMOGRAPHY (Census 2001)

Total Population : 9,27,770

Male Population : 4,77,662

Female Population : 4,50,108

Child Population (0-6) Years : 1,94,340

Rural Population : 8,29,639

Urban Population : 98,131

SC Population : 59,750

ST Population : 2,70,423

Total Workers : 3,88,045

Main Workers : 2,78,407

Marginal Workers : 1,09,638

Non- Workers : 5,39,725

Population Density (per sq. km.) : 580

Percentage of Population Decadal : 25.91

Growth (1991-2001)

Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) : 942

Total Literates : 2,75,829

Male Literates : 1,81,716

Female Literates : 94,113

Total Literacy Rate : 37.61 %

Male Literacy Rate : 47.93 %

Female Literacy Rate : 26.56 %

Most populous Village : Ganga Prashad

least populous Village : Nawagachi

Most populous C.D Block : Barharwa

Least populous C.D Block : Mandro

C.D Block having highest literacy rate : Sahebganj (59.54 %)

C.D block having lowest literacy rate : Udhwa (26.38 %)

3. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS

Sib-divisions : 2

Blocks : 9

Municipality : 1

Notified Area Councils : 1

Gram Panchayats : 166

Total Village : 1819

Inhabitated Village (Chiragi) : 1307

Uninhabitated Village (Bechiragi) : 512

4. POLICE STATIONS

Total : 11

Rural : 10

Urban : 1

5. EDUCATION

Primary Schools : 908

Middle Schools : 456

High Schools : 49

Colleges : 4

I.T.I (Industrial Training Institute) : 1 Madasa – 43

Teacher’s Training College : 1 High School Madasa - 5

6. HEALTH

Sadar Hospital : 1

Referal Hospital : 2

Primary Health Center : 7

Addl. Primary Health Center : 10

Health Sub-Center : 141

Family Welfare Center : 7

Maternity & Child Health Center : 2

District T.B Center : 1

7. AGRICULTURE

Govt. Farm : 5

Cultivable Area : 1,03,049.46 ha.

Non-Cultivable Area : 8,585.44 ha.

Irrigated Area : 3394 ha

Kharif Crops : paddy, Maize, Arhar, Urad, Moong,

Groundnut, , Til, Jowar,

Bajra, Madua (Ragi)

Rabi crops : Wheat,Rai,Tisi , Maize, Gram, Lentil

sunflower , Potato

Horticultural Crops : Mango,Custard Apple, Citrus,papaya ,Jackfruit

Vegetables : Cauliflower, Cabbage, Carrot,Brinjal,

Tomato, Pointed gourd

8. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Veterinary Hospitals : 1

Livestock Service Center : 17

Artificial Breeding Center : 18

Artificial Breeding Sub-Center : 3

Dairy Population (Last Census) : 217.59 Thousands

Milk Population : 78.49 Thousands

9. INDUSTRY

Industries : Stone Crusher, Pottery

10. FOREST

Total forest Area : 28425.74 Hec.

Reserve Forest Area : 4671.33 Hec.

11 BANKS

Stats Bank of India : 21

Allahabad Bank : 3

UCO Bank : 3

Bank of Baroda : 3

Bank of India : 2

Central Bank of India : 1

Regional rural Bank : 17

Dist. Central Co-operative Bank : 3

Land Development Bank : 1

12. POST OFFICES

Total : 86

Rural : 80

Urban : 6

13. TELECOMUICATION

Total Telephone Exchanges : 12

Rural Telephone Exchanges : 10

Urban Telephone Exchanges : 2

14. PRIMITIVE TRIBALS

No. of Villages : 432

No. of Families : 8387

Populations of Male : 17838

Populations of Female : 17879

Total Populations : 35717

Table No. 1 A : General features of the district Sahebganj (To be prepared by Distt. Nodal Officer)

Information
Annual Average Rainfall and rainy days (in mm)						Temperature (⁰C)				Relative Humidity (%)
2006		2007		2008		2007		2008		2007	2008
Avg in cm	No. of Days	Avg. in cm	No. of days	Avg. in cm	No. of days	Min-Max	Min-Max	Min-Max	Min-Max	Min-Max	Min-Max
1	Sahebganj	1777.25	12	32	83.0	70	102.3	78	79.3	64	3.3	38.0	5.8	37.6	3.5	4.1
2	Borio	35880.64	17	334	131.2	55	86.7	75	105.4	81	3.0	35.3	6.5	37.5	6.2	3.3
3	Barhait	36550.32	22	275	122.5	68	72.9	82	94.8	74	3.3	37.4	6.3	37.8	5.0	3.0
4	Barharwa	18693.03	29	241	128.4	66	93.0	75	89.2	82	6.5	36.6	6.8	37.6	2.8	5.5
5	Pathna	17478.64	13	149	138.6	66	111.8	78	79.2	77	6.4	36.6	6.8	37.6	3.0	5.1
6	Rajmahal	12251.92	23	147	134.7	68	157.3	76	185.3	78	3.8	37.5	7.2	38.4	6.0	2.3
7	Taljhari	25972.54	13	273	170.7	58	146.6	61	139.2	73	4.0	36.1	6.7	36.8	2.6	3.3
8	Udhwa	9214.28	26	129	63.5	57	51.8	52	85.3	65	5.0	35.5	6.8	35.7	3.3	6.2
9	Mandro	23306.29	12	228	76.9	50	146.6	83	38.9	74	1.3	36.5	6.4	35.7	6.1	5.4

Sources: District statistical dept.

Table: 1 B – INFORMATION ON OCCURENCE OF DROUGHT/FLOODS

S.No.	Name of the block	Occurrence of drought / flood /cyclone	Year in which effected (Last 10 years)	Severity M / S / VS	% Cropped area affected	% of farm families affected
1	Sahebganj	flood	1999	M	25	40
2	Borio	drought	2004	VS	21	30
3	Barhait	cyclone	2006	S	15	35
4	Barharwa	cyclone	2005	S	12	20
5	Pathna	drought	2006	VS	14	25
6	Rajmahal	flood	2000	M	35	35
7	Taljhari	drought	2004	S	16	17
8	Udhwa	flood	2002	M	25	15
9	Mandro	drought	2001	VS	20	25

* Data should be collected for 10 years

* Indicate % for M=mild, S=severe and VS=very severe (As per GOI / States parameter)

Table No. 2 A : Spread of AES in the District

State: Jharkhand District : Sahebganj

Sl No	Name of the ACZ	Area (ha)	% of Geogr. Area of the dist.	Name of AES	Area (ha)	% of Geogr. area of the dist.		B1				B2				B3				B4				B5				B6				B7				B8				B9
							A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%		A		%
1	Eastern Plateau Region.	400 thousand sq km	202800 ha 0.507 % of ACZ	(i) Flood Prone Alluvial soil irrigated	6424.32	3.60		3110.19		70		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		7657.45		25		3246.56		5		303.57		10		-		-
				(ii) Hilly Red Soil Rainfed	127285.61	62.97		-		-		67276.20		75		77669.44		85		28039.54		60		28402.78		65		1531.49		5		29219.10		45		3455.35		15		49525.86		85
				(iii) Forest Black Soil Rainfed	57105.18	32.03		-		-		19734.35		22		13706.37		15		18693.03		40		15293.81		35		21440.87		70		32465.67		50		14973.20		65		8739.86		15
	Total	400 thousand sq km			190815.11	98.6		3110.19		70		87010.55		97		91375.85		100		46732.57		100		43696.59		100		30629.81		100		64931.33		100		18732.12		90		58265.72		100

Note:

B1, B2, B3……… are the Blocks mentioned in the previous table.

Map of district Sahebganj

Table No: 2 B. Representative village for each Agro-Eco situation for the district Sahebganj

Sl. No.	Name of the Agro- climatic zone (ACZ)	Name of the Agro-ecological situation (AES)	Blocks covered	Representative village	Name of Black (Representative Village)
(i) Flood Prone Alluvial soil irrigated	Sahebganj , Taljhari , Rajmahal , Udhwa	HAJIPUR (Bari Kodarjanna)	SAHEBGANJ
(ii) Hilly Red Soil Rainfed	Borio , Barhait, Barharwa , Rajmahal , Udhwa , Mandro < Pathna , Taljhari.	RANGA	BARHAIT
(iii) Forest Black Soil Rainfed	Mandro , Borio , Barhait , Barharwa , Rajmahal , Udhwa , Taljhari , Pathna.	KALIYANI	TALJHARI

source – PRA survey

Table No. 3 A Production and Productivity of important commodities under each AES enterprise-wise for the district Sahebganj

S.No.	Name of the Commodity	2002-03			2003-04			2004-05			2005-06			2006-07
		A	P	Y	A	P	Y	A	P	Y	A	P	Y	A	P	Y
1	Paddy	52317	87425	16.7	44587	76879	17.2	47085	83054	17.6	42248	75366	17.8	43548	62470	14.3
	Wheat	4539	7655	16.8	5081	6738	13.2	5030	7325	14.5	4892	4279	8.7	5210	7521	14.4
	Maize (Kharif)	7242	7651	10.5	7198	10094	14.0	7713	8561	11.0	7219	7832	10.8	7243	9249	7.9
	Maize (Rabi)	895	1266	14.1	975	2070	21.2	722	1744	24.1	506	866	17.1	1263	1778	14
	Pulse(Kharif)(Arhar,Urd)	3305	2521	7.6	3260	2530	7.7	3442	2821	8.1	4557	2879	6.3	5154	2891	5.6
	Pulse (Rabi) , (Masoor)	6923	3902	5.6	8051	6239	7.7	6901	4398	6.3	7429	3176	4.2	9437	5648	5.9
	Oil seed (Kharif) (Til)	66	24	3.6	155	223	14.3	198	91	4.5	166	49.1	2.9	148	31.9	2.1
	Oil seed (Rabi) (Mustard & Tisi)	3800	1929	5.0	4787	2090	4.3	3797	2244	5.9	4361	1376	3.1	5652	2522	4.4

A – Area in ha.

P - Production tons.

Y - Yield (Productivity) in Qtts/ha.

Note : The Productivity of Rabi , Maize , & Oil-seeds is more in comperision to the kharif Crops while average productivity of Pulse is more during kharif.

Table No. 3 B (i) – DETAILS ON CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE DISTRICT

(2006-07 or recent normal year) KHARIF

S.No.	Blocks	Major Crops						Cropping system
		Name	Area (ha)	Name	Area	Name	Area
1	Sahebganj	Maize	3043.00	Sugarcane	1200.00	Vegetable	81.00	Maize-Sugar cane Maize-fallow wheat
2	Borio	Paddy	7000.00	Pulse	1150.00	Vegetable	28.00	Paddy-fallow upland paddy-wheat
3	Barhet	Paddy	5000.00	Pulse	1150.00	Vegetable	160.00	Paddy-fallow upland paddy-wheat
4	Barhrwa	Paddy	7400.00	Maize	800.00	Vegetable	60.00	veg-veg/oil seed Paddy-fallow
5	Pathna	Paddy	4500.00	Pulse	950.00	Vegetable	20.00	Paddy-pulse-fallow
6	Udhwa	Paddy	5025.00	Maize	700.00	Pulse	60.00	Paddy-veg fallow-wheat/veg
7	Rajmahal	Paddy	5000.00	Maize	1000.00	Vegetable	180.00	Paddy-veg veg-onion/wheat
8	Taljhri	Paddy	5000.00	Maize	1500.00	Vegetable	15.00	Paddy-fallow fallow-wheat
9	Mandro	Paddy	0000.00	Maize	1500.00	Vegetable	25.00	Paddy-fallow Paddy-pulse-veg

Source : DAO , DHO & KVK

Table No. 3 B (ii) – DETAILS ON CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE DISTRICT

(2006-07 or recent normal year) RABI

S.No.	Blocks	Major Crops						Cropping system
		Name	Area (ha)	Name	Area	Name	Area
1	Sahebganj	Maize	450.00	wheat	2050.00	Mustard	80.00	Maize- Mustard-vegetables , Cowpea+Maize wheat-sugarcane/vegetable Pointed gourd-fallow Water melon-summervegetable
2	Borio	Vegetable	150.00	Pulse	950.00	Mustard	35	Vegetable- fallow , Cowpea + Maize Pulse(lentil)-summer veg. Pulse-fallow
3	Barhet	Vegetable	.00	Pulse	200.00	Mustard & Tisi	20	Vegetable-fallow , Cowpea+Maize Pulse(lentil)-fallow Mustard/Tisi-summer vegetable/fallow
4	Barhrwa	Vegetable dolichos been cole crops , Tomato & Brinjal	175.00	Mustard	65.00	Pulse	150.00	veg-veg/oil seed , Cowpea+Maize Vegetable – fallow Oil-seed-summer vegetable
5	Pathna	Pulse (lentil)	350.00	Vegetable	70.00	Mustard	18	Pulse-fallow , Cowpea+Maize Vegetable-fallow Oil-seed-fallow
6	Udhwa	Pulse(Arhar & lentil )	300.00	Spices	310.00	Wheat	125.00	Arhar-vegetable fallow-wheat/veg,lentil-fallow
7	Rajmahal	Onion	590.00	Oil-seed(sun flower , Mustard & Tisi)	55.00	Vegetable	450.00	Onion- summer vegetable , Cowpea+Maize vegetable-onion/wheat Oil-seed – summer vegetable
8	Taljhri	Pulse	60.00	Mustard & Tisi	30.00	Vegetable	75.00	Pulse-fallow , Cowpea+Maize Oil-seed –fallow,wheat-fallow
9	Mandro	Pulse	12.00	Mustard & Tisi	15.00	Vegetable	42.00	Pulse –fallow , Cowpea+Maize Oil-seed-fallow,veg.-fallow

Source : DAO , DHO & KVK

Table No. 3 B (iii) – DETAILS ON CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE DISTRICT

(2006 - 07 or recent normal year) ZAID

S.No.	Blocks	Major Crops						Cropping system
		Name	Area (ha)	Name	Area	Name	Area
1	Sahebganj	Maize	80.00	Sugar Cane	200.00	Vegetable	82.00	Maize-Sugar cane-fallow Vegetable-fallow- wheat
2	Barhet	Summer vegetable	180.00	Sugar Cane	150.00	Maize	95.00	Summer vegetable-Paddy Vegetable-veg, S/C – vegetables.
3	Barhrwa	Early vegetables (Brinjal, chili Okra)	15.00	Maize	150.00	Sugar Cane	10.00	Early veg-veg/oil seed Summer vegetable-Paddy-fallow
4	Rajmahal	Early vegetables (Brinjal, chili Okra)	325.00	Sugar Cane	400.00	Maize	160.00	Early Vegetable -Paddy-vegetable Okra & gourds – dhaincha - onion/wheat
5	Taljhri	Early vegetables (Brinjal, chili Okra, gourds)	10.00	-	-	-	-	Early vegetables (Brinjal, chili Okra)- Mustard
6	Udhwa	summer vegetables	55.00	Sugar Cane	450.00	Maize	20.00	Summer vegetables – Wheat , S/C – Rabi vegetable , Maize- vege.

Source : DAO , DHO & KVK

Table No. 3 C – INFORMATION ON LIVESTOCK STATUS IN THE DISTRICT

Milch						Draught Animal	Sheep	Goat	Poultry Birds		Piggery
Cows			Buffaloes
L	UP	E	L	UP	E
1 a	Sahebganj Rural Area	13556	0	0	7196	0	0	7688	30	19034	24085	0	0	73	25
1 b	Sahebganj Urban Area	3911	3841	2	3721	0	0	2602	0	8085	4275	1500	192	117	256
2	Mandro	16797	99	0	6632	0	0	21286	90	22173	20804	0	1275	2704	486
3	Borio	20036	30	0	4109	11	0	22458	43	26525	56651	0	929	6350	2111
4	Barhat	20826	40	0	7049	0	0	31677	8	27500	46701	0	4	6442	123
5	Taljhari	12052	0	12	1832	0	0	11246	91	20545	46584	0	458	2282	1584
6 a	Rajmahal Rural Area	17221	91	10	3159	54	0	14157	563	38747	90078	3250	116	616	174
6 b	Rajmahal Urban Area	3156	59	8	228	0	0	695	38	3424	5001	1500	9	39	21
7	Udhwa	20767	112	19	2090	12	0	12487	955	47457	137722	6528	49	390	188
8	Pathna	15237	338	0	1957	22	0	17893	22	19343	52903	0	469	3668	934
9	Barharwa	19309	838	0	2335	57	0	16036	498	42778	107166	20834	291	990	55

L = Local , UP =Upgraded , E = Exotic

Source : District Animal Husbandry office.

Table No. 4 A: Information on Infrastructure facilities under District Agriculture Department.

S.No	Type of Infrastructure	Utility	No/Area	Present status
1	Office building	Y	11	Need more office buildings because Horticulture & Cane development Office have no building.
2	Seed farm	Y	10	Working , all block headquarters including Dist. headquarter
3	Agro – processing	Y	01	working , Dist. headquarters
4	Soil Testing Labouratories	Y	01	working , Dist. headquarters
5	Fisheries Pond	Y	01	live
6	storage godowns	Y	01	working , need more storage godowns

NOTE: Infrastructure facilities such as office building (rented and owner), seed farms (with location), agro-processing, Nurseries

(with location), storage godowns veterinary hospitals/polyclinics, A.I, centers, research stations, training Institutes,

testing laboratories, demonstration farm etc.

This information should mention location

Also supplement with map showing locations.

Source : District Agriculture & all Line Depts & KVK.

Table No. 4 B : ORGANIC INPUTS USED IN THE DISTRICT (Optional)

S.No.	Year (last 3 years)	Type of Input	Sources of availability	Quantity used (tons)	% Of area covered (ha)	% of farmers using organic manure
1	2007	Vermi Compost	Pathna-village -kesrol,	0.5	0.005	0.009
2	2008	Vermi Compost	KVK, Pathna village -kesrol	0.2	.002	0.008
3	2009	Vermi Compost	KVK, Pathna village -kesrol Deo Pahar	1.0	.003	0.009

(Type of input: Vermi-compost, Bio-fertilisers, Bio-pesticides etc.,)

Source : DAO & KVK.

Table No. 4 C : CROPS IF ANY PRODUCED UNDER ORGANIC FARMING

(2007-08)

Area		Production		No. of farmers
Ha	%	Tons	%	No.	%
1	Borio	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	915.00	19.70%	1777	13.7%	610	12.20
2	Barhat	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	434.00	9.36%	1710	13.18%	590	11.81
3	Pathna	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	308.00	6.64%	810	6.24	570	11.41
4	Taljhari	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	450.00	9.71%	1590	12.25	475	9.50
5	Mandro	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	428.00	9.23%	1856	14.30	710	14.21
6	Barharwa	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	385.00	8.30%	402	3.10	300	6.0
7	Sahebganj	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	715.00	15.4%	1985	15.30	805	16.11
8	Udhwa	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	489.00	10.5%	1500	11.56	510	10.21
9	Rajmahal	Dried cowdung , compost	Maize , Cowpea & Mustard	510.00	11.16%	1345	10.37	425	8.55

* Three major crops may be considered

** Information for the last 3 years may be collected

Source : DAO , KVK and District Statistical Department.

Table No. 4 D : DETAILS ON MEDICINAL, AROMATIC AND OTHER MINOR FOREST BY PRODUCE

No. of farmers
No.	%
Non-timber forest produce palas, kendu , saal , fig , ber etc.	Decompost leaves of a forest trees & faecal matter of domestic animals	28425.74	72799	7.84
Non-timber forest produce (reserved forest) –palas, kendu , saal , fig , ber etc.	Decompost leaves of a forest trees & faecal matter of domestic animals	4671.33	-	-

Note :- The crops mentioned above are basically used by the Pahariya Tribes of Sahebganj.

Source : District forest office.

Table No. 5 A : Demographic Information for the Sahebganj District (To be collected by District nodal officer)

Workers No.
Agri.		Non.-agri
						Male	Female	Male	Female	SC	ST
1	Sahebganj	139809	47.50	56.00	39.00	5551	1318	25,688	6400	15,484	11,200
2	Mandro	59780	33.75	44.86	22.63	2944	1699	13,262	10,872	3108	35,504
3	Borio	82039	27.30	38.21	16.39	3540	2181	19,481	14,016	1773	53,582
4	Barhat	109420	28.28	39.10	17.45	4386	2753	27,248	20,289	4546	61,598
5	Barharwa	143433	41.50	52.93	30.06	13,795	1743	23,374	19,513	15,453	13,328
6	Pathna	67730	33.03	43.87	22.59	3039	1193	15,714	10,825	3717	41,839
7	Rajmahal	131283	39.06	50.43	27.69	7737	1241	24,942	14,052	3840	7621
8	Udhwa	130184	26.68	35.57	17.79	14,283	2365	22,423	23,401	4478	7657
9	Taljhari	64092	38.09	51.02	25.15	2515	1248	14,601	8413	4356	38,094

Source :- Department of Education (Saksharatha) , Sahebganj.

Table No. 5 B : Information on operational land holdings

Operational holding (number and area)
Large*		Medium*		Small*		Marginal*		Landless
No. of holdings	Area	No of holdings	Area	No of holdings	Area	No of holdings	Area	Number only
1	Sahebganj	823	606	2057	1516	307	2274	3908	2880	411
2	Mandro	983	589	2458	1473	3687	2210	4670	2799	493
3	Borio	1292	872	3230	2181	4846	3272	6138	4145	447
4	Barhait	1750	1518	4375	3796	6556	5694	8312	7213	876
5	Barharwa	2200	179	5502	449	8253	673	953	852	1100
6	Pathna	1084	569	2510	1424	4066	2136	5150	2706	543
7	Rajmahal	1605	802	4012	2005	6018	3008	7623	3810	803
8	Udhwa	1736	653	4341	1634	6511	2452	8248	3106	869
9	Taljhari	1061	837	2654	2093	3981	319	1061	3976	531

Marginal - < 1ha , Small – 1-2 ha , Medium – 2-5 ha , Large - > 5 ha

Source : District Agriculture Office

Table No. 6 A : Information on Land use pattern (ha) in the Sahebganj District.

S.No	Name of the block	Geographical Area	Cultivatable Area	Cultivated Area	Cultivable waste	Current Fallow
1	Sahebganj	1777.252	445.668	145.1	51.82	146.18
2	Borio	35880.464	15972.152	2493.648	2212.02	4282.436
3	Mandro	23306.288	11938.3	2902.616	717.916	3789.348
4	Barhat	36550.324	21256.164	8536.816	2170.184	6359.896
5	Rajmahal	12251.924	9797.628	4631.564	124.188	2556.688
6	Udhwa	9214.28	7643.256	1965.068	118.188	4378.004
7	Taljhari	25972.536	16040.892	4576.316	1005.36	6407.74
8	Barharwa	18693.028	16031.528	8570.3	73.44	4002.968
9	Pathna	17478.636	11341.804	6499.524	1014.548	1634.224

Source : District Statistical Deptt.

Contd… Table No. 6 A : Information on Land use pattern (ha) in the Sahebganj District.

Forest

Pasture

Land put to non

agri. Use

Land under misc. plantation

Barren & unculturable land (waste land)

Reserved

Open

-

-

0.86

1171.964

26.24

80.7

1827.09

3419.03

1430.664

1990.028

267.7

1819.6

8680.00

1473.04

1432.096

2299.856

1692.356

3579.724

-

-

141.812

2315.368

86.536

44.344

90.08

1229.05

598.04

1763.048

81.38

1609.708

-

-

26.06

1223.028

82.18

121.568

-

-

51.24

1923.156

6.732

315.868

905.00

1587.00

298.64

4018.956

395.252

1705.876

857.09

540.02

282.896

1801.308

140.672

355.688

Source :- District Forest Office & Dist. Agriculture office.

Table No. 6 B : INFORMATION ON SOILS FOR THE DISTRICT (AREA IN HA)

Black		Red Soil		Sandy Soil		Alluvial Soil
Area	%	Area	%	Area	%	Area	%
1	Sahebganj	-	-	-	-	1332	0.29	3110.19	0.68
2	Taljhari	32465.67	7.17	29219	6.45	-	-	3246.56	0.72
3	Rajmahal	21440.87	4.73	1531.5	0.34	1225	0.27	7657.45	1.69
4	Borio	19734.35	4.35	67276.20	14.85	-	-	-	-
5	Barhait	13706.37	3.03	77669.44	0.51	-	-	-	-
6	Barharwa	18693	4.13	28039.54	6.19	-	-	-	-
7	Pathna	15293.81	3.37	28402.78	6.27	-	-	-	-
8	Udhwa	14973.2	3.30	3455.35	0.76	691	0.15	2303.57	0.51
9	Mandro	8739.86	1.93	49525.86	10.94	-	-	-	-

Source :- DAO & All Line Department.

Table No. 6 C : INFORMATION ON PROBLEM SOILS IN THE DISTRICT Sahebganj

Area in percentage	Extent of severity
	Very Severe	Severe	Mild
1	Saline	25%	-	P	-
2	Alkaline	50%	P	-	-
3	Acidic	25%	-	P	-
4	Soil erosion	35%	P	-	-
5	Iron Toxicity	51%	-	-	P
6	Micro-nutrients deficiency	25%	P	-	-
7	Water logged condition	35%	-	P	-
8	Others	20%	-	-	P

Source : Agriculture Deptt.

Table No. 7 A : Information on rainfed and irrigated area in the district Sahebganj

Irrigated area (source wise)
Major			Medium			Minor
%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A	%	P	A
1	Taljhari	159.61	60.91	35	10	35	10	20	15	-	-	-	55	70	50	80	15	12	-	-	-	80	10	8	84	24	20
2	Borio	715.1	2.87	25	40	10	15	20	40	-	-	-	60	40	50	82	22	18	-	-	-	82	25	20	84	24	20
3	Pathna	2402.15	14.7	12	25	30	-	-	-	38	35	15	50	40	55	-	-	-	93	205	190	88	553	485	92	24	22
4	Barhiet	2085.5	6.75	18	20	40	-	-	-	22	22	30	60	58	30	80	15	20	80	40	32	-	-	-	84	24	20

a. % - share of the total area under irrigation

b. P - Potential area of the project

c. A – Actual area irrigated

d. Conversion of tanks to percolation tanks if any?

Source : Agriculture Department.

Table No. 7 B : Information on irrigation projects nearing completion

Area irrigated (ha)
Projected	Actual
1	Medium	Gumani Barrage Scheme	Barhat, Barharwa Pathna,	16194 (HA)	-
2	Minor	Sakrigali Pumb Nahar Jharna	S.B.G. Taljhari , Borio	-	-

* Project such as major, medium, minor, and project nearing completion

Source : Irrigation Department.

Table No. 8 A : Information on research and extension development activity in the district (2008-09)

Department MMKY/RKVY/ATMA

Requirement of the scheme		Allocation of the year
Extn.	Research	Extn. (in Lacs)	Research
01	STATE	MMKY	1023	-	55.00	-
02	STATE	District Agriculture Department	04	-	10,18,101.00	-
03	STATE	District Horticulture Department	01	-	2.00	-
04	STATE	Cane Development Dept.	01	-	9.78	-
05	CENTRAL	RKVY	10148	-	254.84	-
06	CENTRAL	ATMA	13	-	6.282	-

Separately for each organization

Constraints as recorded by the department

Source : MMKY/RKVY/ATMA & line department.

Table No. 9 A : Information regarding markets for the district Sahebganj

Sl. No.	Name of the block	Name of the market center	Periodicity (weekly / daily)	Important commodities handled	Commodity wise quantity handled (annual)	Area covered
1	Sahebganj	Sahebganj Bazar, Sahebganj, Mahadeoganj Hat	Daily, Sun/Thu Tue/Sat	Maize Black Gram Potato	500Q 500Q 4000Q	Sahebganj, Mahadoganj, Rampur Diyara, Choti Kodarjanna Mahadeoganj, Bari Kodarjanna
2	Taljhari	Taljhari Hat Maharajpur	Thu/Sun Wed/Sat	Pointed gourd Pointed gourd	400Q 1000Q	Mangalhat, Rajmahal, Kalyanchak, Tajhari, Sakri
3	Mandro	Mandro Hat	Wed/Sat	-	-	Boarijor, Kori Khuttana, Bhageaya, Sripur
4	Borio	Borio Bazar Borit Hat Banjhi Hat	Daily Sat/Tue Mon/Fri	Paddy	5000 Q - 1000Q	Pathra, Motipahari, Rakso Banjhi

Note: Information on markets outside the districts catering to the district should also be furnished in above table.

* Please collect the data separately for Male and Female wherever is possible

Source : PRA Survey

Table No. 9 B : Public–Private Partnership in Market related initiatives in the district Sahebganj

Partners			Activity undertaken	Volume of trade (Tons)	Value of trade (in Rs.)
I	II	III
private – private partnership	farmers	middle men	consumers	potato purchasing	2700	16200000.00
private – private partnership	farmers	middle men	consumers	vegetable purchasing	2900	29000000.0
private – private partnership	farmers	middle men	consumers	rice purchasing	1400	19600000.0
private – private partnership	farmers	middle men	consumers	wheat purchasing	1100	13200000.0

marketting source

Table No. 9 C : Movement and Flow pattern of Different Commodities from regulated markets to the District (Optional)

Dist	Block	Vill.	Dist	Block
potato	sbg	sbg	-	sbg	-
tomato	sbg	borio	-	sbg	-
rice	sbg	barhet	-	sbg	-
pulse	sbg	barharwa	-	sbg	8642
spices	sbg	pathna	-	sbg	240
onion	sbg	rajmahal	-	sbg	150
greenpea	sbg	taljhari	-	sbg	33
green chilies	sbg	udhwa	-	sbg	1101
cock	sbg	mandro	-	sbg

* Information may be collected from organized and unorganized market

Table No. 11 A : List of credit institutes in operation for Agriculture and allied sector in the district Sahebganj

Sl.No.	Name of the block	No. of Banks
1	Sahebganj	4
2	Borio	7
3	Barhait	7
4	Barharwa	7
5	Pathna	7
6	Rajmahal	7
7	Taljhari	7
8	Udhwa	6
9	Mandro	5

Source : Bank , Progress report of development

Contd……. Table No. 11 A

Regional Rural Banks		Private Banks		Others		Total		All the banks
No. of branches	No. of creditors	No.of branches	No. of creditors	No. of branches	No. of creditors	No. of branches	No. of creditors	No. of farmers covered	No. of farmers not covered
4	12	4	12	4	15	4	14	4	15
7	13	7	15	7	14	7	15	7	14
7	18	7	14	7	13	7	13	7	15
7	4	7	10	7	16	7	15	7	13
7	6	7	12	7	18	7	16	7	4
7	7	7	13	7	14	7	18	7	8
7	8	7	14	7	15	7	14	7	6
6	10	6	12	6	16	6	14	6	4
5	12	5	13	5	14	5	15	5	8

* Please collect the data separately for Male and Female wherever is possible

Table No. 11 B : INFORMATION ON CREDIT EXTENDED BY OTHER THAN LOCAL BANKS

SHG’s		Associations
No. of farmers	Amount	No. Of farmers	Amount
1	Sahebganj	52	15.50	39	11.63
2	Taljhari	65	-	142	-
3	Rajmahal	13	2.77	13	2.77
4	Borio	37	-	-	-
5	Barhat	37	-	-	-
6	Barharwa	231	59.25	138	35.4
7	Pathna	98	53.86	26	14.29
8	Udhwa	68	15.58	24	5.50
9	Mandro	05	2.50	05	2.50

Note: Associations like Basix, Mutually Aided Credit Societies (MACs) etc.

* Please collect the data separately for Male and Female wherever is possible

Table No. 12 : Information on Input and Service Providers in the district Sahebganj

Name of Enterprise: Agriculture/Horticulture/Animal husbandry/ Sericulture/ Fisheries etc

Name of the Block	Seed		Fertilizers				Pesticides		Animal Feed & poultry feed		Veterinary medicines		Fish feeds		Fish Hatcheries		No. of horticulture nurseries		Fodder		Repair Centres		Others
Quantity
*N	*P	*K
Barhat	01	2.5	07	750	450	300	01	0.05	09	18	03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Taljhari	-	-	01	150	90	60	-	-	07	05	02	-	-	-	-	-	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Barharwa	02	4.5	09	780	468	312	02	0.10	08	09	03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Borio	01	1.5	08	840	504	336	01	0.04	06	11	02	-	-	-	-	-	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mandro	01	1.5	05	600	360	240	01	0.06	04	13	02	-	-	-	-	-	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pathna	-	-	05	650	390	260	-	-	05	14	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rajmahal	05	7.0	21	2400	1440	960	05	2.10	07	08	03	-	-	-	01	-	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Sahebganj	03	5.5	09	950	570	380	03	1.12	15	11	09	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Udhwa	-	-	01	160	96	64	-	-	05	09	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Note : One hatchery has been sanctioned at present in Rajmahal Block Area village - Sahebganj

Contd… Table No. 12 : Extension Service Providers

Service Providers
Public (Government)		Private
Extension Services		Agri-clinics		Para-professionals		Input dealers		Agri-business centers		NGOs		Farmers Field Schools
No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered	No.	No. of farmers covered
Sahebganj	10	2100	nil	nil	nil	nil	09	900	4	235	02	52	-	-
Taljhari	10	1400	-	-	-	-	01	200	-	-	03	65	-	-
Rajmahal	10	1700	-	-	-	-	21	2500	-	-	01	13	01	30
Borio	10	1600	-	-	-	-	08	900	-	-	02	37	-	-
Barhat	10	1500	-	-	-	-	07	800	-	-	02	37	-	-
Barharwa	10	1800	-	-	-	-	09	1100	-	-	09	231	01	30
Pathna	10	1600	-	-	-	-	05	400	-	-	02	98	-	-
Udhwa	10	1400	-	-	-	-	01	150	-	-	03	68	01	30
Mandro	11	1900	-	-	-	-	05	600	-	-	01	05	-	-

* Please collect the data separately for Male and Female wherever is possible

Table No. 14 : Information and Communication system prevailing in the district Sahebganj

S.No	Type of Communication facility	Sector		Address with Tel. No. Fax.No.	Area of operation
		Public No.	Private No.
1	Post Offices,	86	-	86/T. G. road	sahubganj , borio, barhet , raj mahal , barharwa .
2	Telephone exchanges	12	-	T. G. Road Sahebganj	Borio, Barharwa, Mirzachouki, Bhagaya, Sahebganj
3	Telephone booths (public)	-	80-90	Sahebganj Town	Sahebganj Town
4	Computer Service providing Centers (Important)		05	College Road , Real World Chowk Bazaar , Chaity Durga Road Sahebganj.	Sahebganj Town
5	Computer training center (Important)		05	Lakhotiya Computer Centre, J. N. roy road Ideal Computer Centre , Near Girls High School.	J. N. roy road , new girls high school
6	Internet centers		05	Lakhotiya Computer Centre, J. N. roy road Ideal Computer Centre , Near Girls High School., Real World Opp. SBI Main Branch	near raj asthaan school
7	News Papers		4	Hindustaan –Habib Pur , Dainik Jagran – College Road , Prabhat Khabar – Kulipara Habibpur.	Sahebganj
8	Cable Vs without Cable TV		01	Aab Tak Local News Chanel Sahebganj (06436-223779)	Sahebganj dist.

* Information may be collected from district information officer

Table No. 14 A : BLOCK WISE INFORMATION ON THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND FARM MACHINERY

Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery
Tractors		Pump sets		Power tillers		Sprayers		Puddlers		Weeders		Thresher		Others
No. of House-holds	No.	No. of House-holds	No.	No. pf House-holds	No.	No. of House-holds	No.	No. of House-holds	No.	No.of House-holds	No.	No. of House-holds	No.	n
1	Sahebganj	150	150	900	900	21	4	185	185	325	325	126	126	115	115	-
2	Taljhari	89	89	700	700	25	4	125	125	416	416	401	401	125	125	-
3	Rajmahal	86	86	500	500	23	3	145	145	312	312	312	312	135	135	-
4	Borio	56	56	158	158	33	2	202	202	425	425	416	416	125	125	-
5	Barhat	85	85	165	165	19	7	159	159	322	322	302	302	251	251	-
6	Barharwa	23	23	333	333	25	5	195	195	306	306	306	306	254	254	-
7	Pathna	115	115	394	394	25	5	175	175	428	428	424	424	236	236	-
8	Udhwa	69	69	155	155	21	9	156	156	254	254	201	201	124	124	-
9	Mandro	136	136	195	195	23	4	158	158	312	312	312	312	135	135	-

Soils

The soils occurring in different landforms have been characterized during soil resource mapping of the state on 1:250,000 scale and four soil orders namely Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols and Vertisols were observed in Sahebganj district. Alfisols were the dominant soils covering 41.3 percent of TGA followed by Inceptisols (36.7 %), Entisols (10.5 %) and Vertisols (3.6 %).

Soils of the district and their extent

Map unit	Taxonomy	Area ('00 ha)	% of TGA
1	Coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Endoaquents Fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustifluvents	7	0.44
2	Fine silty, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts Fine silty, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustifluvents	65	4.06
3	Coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustifluvents Coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Aquic Ustifluvents	136	8.50
5	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Aeric Endoaquepts Fine silty, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts	53	3.31
11	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Aeric Endoaqualfs Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Haplustalfs	94	5.87
13	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Endoaqualfs Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Haplustalfs	212	13.25
14	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Endoaquepts Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Endoaquepts	36	2.25
88	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Haplustalfs Fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts	400	25.00
89	Loamy-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic Lithic Rhodustalfs	54	3.37
90	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Haplustalfs Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Type Endoaquepts	18	1.13
92	Fine loamy, hyperthermic Type Paleustalfs Fine loamy, hyperthermic Type Haplustepts	59	3.69
93	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts Clayey-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplustepts	195	12.19
94	Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts Fine, mixed, hyperthermic Udic Haplustepts	144	9.00
Miscellaneous		127	7.94
Total		1600	100.00

SOIL ACIDITY AND FERTILITY STATUS

Soil Reaction

Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant nutrients. It is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. The soils of the district have been grouped under four soil reaction classes according to Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970).

The soil pH ranges from 4.9 to 8.1. The soil reaction classes with area are given in table below. The data reveals that most of the soils (62.9 % of TGA) are acidic in reaction of which soils of 23.7 percent area are moderately acidic, 17.3 percent slightly acidic, 14.7 percent strongly acidic and 7.3 percent very strongly acidic in reaction. Neutral soil covers 14.6 percent area whereas slightly alkaline and moderately alkaline soil cover 4.7 and 7.9 percent area respectively.

Soils under different reaction classes

Soil reaction	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
very strongly acidic (pH 4.5 to 5.0)	116	7.3
Strongly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.5)	234	14.6
Moderately acidic (pH 5.6 to 6.0)	379	23.7
Slightly acidic (pH 6.1 to 6.5)	277	17.3
Neutral (pH 6.6 - 7.3)	234	14.6
Slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 - 7.8)	158	9.9
Moderately alkaline (pH 7.9 - 8.4)	75	4.7
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Organic Carbon

The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity.

The organic carbon content in the district ranges from 0.12 to 2.84 %. They are mapped into three classes i.e., low (below 0.5 %), medium (0.5 - 0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %). The details are given in table below. From table it is seen that 64.7 percent area have high surface organic carbon content. Medium and low organic carbon content constitute 15.8 and 11.6 percent area respectively.

Organic carbon status

Organic carbon (%)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
Low (below 0.50 %)	185	11.6
MEDIUM (0.50 - 0.75 %)	253	15.8
High (above 0.75 %)	1035	64.7
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Macronutrients

Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth, development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large quantity.

Available Nitrogen

Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme essential for plant growth. It is an essential condtituent for amino acids which is building blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm. It encourage aboveground vegetative growth and deep green colour to leaves. Deficiency of nitrogen decreases rate and extent of protein synthesis and result into stunted growth and develop chlorosis.

Available nitrogen content in the surface soils of the Sahebganj district ranges between 96 and 829 kg/ha and details are given in table below. Majority area (66.1 % of TGA) of the district have medium availability status of available nitrogen (280 - 560 kg ha^-1) and 8.5 percent area have low available nitrogen content (<280 kg ha^-1)

Available nitrogen status in the surface soils

Available nitrogen (kg/ha)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
Low (below 280)	136	8.5
Medium (280 - 560)	1057	66.1
High (above 560)	280	17.5
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Available Phosphorus

Phosphorus is important component of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), which involves in energy transformation in plant. It is essential component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance in plant and animal. Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation. In acidic condition it get fixed with aluminum and iron and in alkaline condition with calcium.

Available phosphorous content in these soils ranges between 1.2 and 19.8 kg/ha and area and distribution is given in table below. Data reveals that soils of the 70.9 % area have low (below 10 kg ha^-1) in available phosphorous content, whereas 21.2 percent area have medium (10 – 25 kg ha^-1) available phosphorous content respectively.

Available phosphorous atatus in the surface soils

Available phosphorous (kg/ha)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
Low (below 10)	1134	70.9
Medium (10 – 25)	339	21.2
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Available Potassium

Potassium is an activator of various enzymes responsible for plant processes like energy metabolism, starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation. It is extremely mobile in plant and help to regulate opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake of water by root cells. It is important in grain formation and tuber development and encourages crop resistance for certain fungal and bacterial diseases.

Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 59 and 1008 kg/ha and details about area and distribution is given in table below. The data reveals that most of soils (41.2 % of TGA) have medium available potassium content (108 – 280 kg ha^-1). Soils of 26.6 percent area are low (below 108) and 24.3 percent area are high (above 280 kg ha^-1) in available potassium content.

Available potassium status in the surface soils

Available potassium (kg/ha)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
Low (below 108)	426	26.6
Medium (108 – 280)	659	41.2
High (above 280)	388	24.3
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Available Sulphur

Sulphur is essential in synthesis of Sulphur containing amino acids (cystine, cysteine and methionine), chlorophyll and metabolites including co-enzyme A, biotin, thiamine, or vitamin B1 and glutathione. It activates many proteolytic enzymes, increase root growth and nodule formation and stimulate seed formation.

The available sulphur content in the soil ranges from 1.77 to 39.59 mg kg^-1 and details about area and distribution is given in table below. Soils of 56.3 percent of the area are low (<10 mg kg^-1) whereas soils of 19.5 and 16.3 percent area are medium (10 – 20 mg kg^-1) and high (>20 mg kg^-1) in available sulphur content respectively.

Available sulphur status in the surface soils

Available sulphur (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA
Low (< 10)	901	56.3
Medium (10 – 20)	312	19.5
High (> 20)	260	16.3
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100

Micronutrients

Proper understanding of micronutrients availability in soils and extent of their deficiencies is the pre-requisite for efficient management of micronutrient fertilizer to sustain crop productivity. Therefore, it is essential to know the micronutrients status of soil before introducing any type of land use.

Available Iron

Iron is constituent of cytochromes, haems and nonhaem enzymes. It is capable of acting as electron carrier in many enzyme systems that bring about oxidation-reductions in plants. It promotes starch formation and seed maturation.

The available iron content in the surface soils is rabges between 9.1 and 74.8 mg kg^-1. As per the critical limitof available iron (> 4.5 mg kg^-1), all the soils are sufficient in available iron. They are grouped and mapped into four classes. Most of the soils (45.1 % of TGA) have available iron content between the range of 25 to 50 mg kg^-1. The details of area and distribution is presented in table below.

Available iron status in the surface soils

Available iron (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA	Rating
< 15	45	2.8
15 – 25	106	6.7
25 – 50	722	45.1
50 - 100	600	37.5
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100

Available Manganese

Manganese is essential in photosynthesis and nitrogen transformations in plants. It activates decarboxylase, dehydrogenase, and oxidase enzymes.

The available manganese content in surface soils ranges between 9.5 and 51.0 mg kg^-1. As per the critical limit of available manganese (> 2 mg kg^-1), all the soils are sufficient in available manganese. They are grouped and mapped into four classes. Soils of 73.8 % area of district have available Mn content between 25 and 50 mg kg^-1. The details of area and distribution are presented in table below.

Available manganese status in the surface soils

Available manganese (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA	Rating
< 10	6	0.4
10 – 25	110	6.9
25 – 50	1181	73.8
50 - 100	176	11.0
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100

Available Zinc

Zinc plays role in protein synthesis, reproductive process of certain plants and in the formation starch and some growth hormones. It promotes seed maturation and production.

The available zinc in surface soils ranges between 0.42 and 4.44 mg kg^-1. They are grouped and mapped into five classes. Soils of majority area (89.8 % of TGA) are sufficient (> 0.5 mg kg^-1) whereas soils of 2.3 percent area are deficient (< 0.5 mg kg^-1) in available zinc. The details of area and distribution are presented in table below.

Available zinc status in the surface soils

Available zinc (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA	Rating
< 0.5	36	2.3	Deficient
0.5 – 1.0	69	4.3
1.0 – 2.0	622	38.9
2.0 – 3.0	520	32.5
3.0 – 5.0	226	14.1
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Available Copper

Copper involves in photosynthesis, respiration, protein and carbohydrate metabolism and in the use of iron. It stimulates lignifications of all the plant cell wall and is capable of acting as electron carrier in many enzyme systems that bring about oxidation-reduction reactions in plants.

The available copper status in surface soils ranges between 0.12 and 9.36 mg kg^-1. They are grouped and mapped into six classes. Majority of soils (90.3 % of TGA) have sufficient amount of available copper (> 0.2 mg kg^-1) and soils of 1.8 % area are deficient in available copper (< 0.2 mg kg^-1). The details of area and distribution are presented in table below.

Available copper status in the surface soils

Available copper (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA	Rating
< 0.2	28	1.8	Deficient
0.2 – 0.5	33	2.1
0.5 – 1.0	90	5.6
1.0 – 2.0	275	17.2
2.0 – 4.0	719	44.9
4.0 – 10.0	328	20.5
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

Available Boron.

Boron increases solubility and mobility of calcium in the plant and it act as regulator of K/Ca ratio in the plant. It is required for development of new meristematic tissue and also necessary for proper pollination, fruit and seed setting and translocation of sugar, starch and phosphorous etc. It has role in synthesis of amino acid and protein and regulates carbohydrate metabolism.

The available boron content in the soils ranges from 0.07 to 3.78 mg kg^-1 and details about area and distribution is given in table below. The critical limit for deficiency of the available boron is < 0.5. Soils of 38.5 percent area of district are deficient (< 0.50 mg kg^-1) whereas 53.6 percent area are sufficient (> 0.50 mg kg^-1) in available boron content.

Available boron status in the surface soils

Available copper (mg kg^-1)	Area ('00 ha)	% of the TGA	Rating
< 0.25	267	16.7	Deficient
0.25 – 0.50	348	21.8
0.50 – 0.75	314	19.6
> 0.75	544	34.0
Miscellaneous	127	7.9
Total	1600	100.0

SOIL MAP OF THE DISTRICT

Table No 3.33

Soil Order of Sahebganj district

Entisols

Ustipsements

Aquents

Fluvents

Onthents

P Semmenty

ents

Inceptisols

Anthrepts

Aquepts

Cryepts

Udepts

Xerepts

epts

Red

Laterite

Alfisols

Aqualts

Cryals

Udalts

Ustelts

Xeralls

alts

Black

Soil

Vertisols

Aquerts

Cryerts

Torrerts

Uderts

Usterts

Xererts

alts

MONTH WISE MEAN TEMP/SOIL TEMPERATURE/VELOCITY

Temperature in centigrade/velocity in m/h

Soil Temperature		Temperature
under 5 cm depth	under 10 cm depth	Min	Max
June	40.10	30.70	21.70	33.60	55206.00
July	40.64	31.07	25.15	32.75	59362.00
August	40.34	30.91	25.71	32.91	25318.85
September	42.18	32.59	21.50	33.71	28795.25
October	40.90	31.20	20.10	33.70	31256.57
November	36.16	26.33	13.83	31.33	32695.33
December	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
January	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
February	36.07	22.00	31.28	28.85	36175.71
March	40.00	24.00	28.00	33.00	28665.00
April	46.90	40.73	20.45	39.23	44694.80
May	47.90	41.28	20.36	35.58	50135.39
June	46.75	42.00	24.05	36.65	55602.66
July	48.00	42.50	26.00	33.87	59262.00

NA – Not Available

Production And Productivity of District

Wheat

Maize

Pulse

Oil Seed

Target

(ha)

Achievement

(ha)

Production

(tons)

Productivity

(q/ha)

Target

(ha)

Achievement

(ha)

Production

(tons)

Productivity

(q/ha)

Target

(ha)

Achievement

(ha)

Production

(tons)

Productivity

(q/ha)

Target

(ha)

Achievement

(ha)

Production

(tons)

Productivity

(q/ha)

2002&03

5000

4539

7655

16-8

1000

895

1266

14-1

8000

6923

3902

5-6

4700

3800

1929

5-0

2003&04

5000

5081

6738

13-2

1000

975

2070

21-2

8000

8051

6239

7-7

4700

4787

2090

4-3

2004&05

5000

5030

7325

14-5

1000

722

1744

24-1

8000

6901

4398

6-3

4700

3797

2244

5-9

2005&06

5000

4892

4279

8-7

1000

506

866

17-1

8000

7429

3176

4-2

4700

4361

1376

3-1

2006&07

5500

5210

7521

14-4

1500

1263

1778

14-0

10000

9437

5648

5-9

6177

5652

2522

4-4

Production And Productivity of District

Paddy

Maize

Pulse

Oil Seed

Tar

get

(ha)

Achieve

ment

(ha)

Produc

tion

(tons)

Produc

tivity

(q/ha)

Tar

get

(ha)

Achieve

ment

(ha)

Produc

tion

(tons)

Produc

tivity

(q/ha)

Tar

et

(ha)

Achieve

ment

(ha)

Produc

tion

(tons)

Produc

tivity

(q/ha)

Tar

get

(ha)

Achieve

ment

(ha)

Produc

tion

(tons)

Produc

tivity

(q/ha)

2002&03

45000

52317

87425

16-7

9000

7242

7651

10-5

5100

3305

2521

7-6

370

3-6

2003&04

45000

44587

76879

17-2

9000

7198

10094

14-0

5100

3260

2530

7-7

370

155

223

14-3

2004&05

44000

47085

83054

17-6

9150

7713

8561

11-0

6330

3442

2821

8-1

405

198

4-5

2005&06

44000

42248

75366

17-8

9150

7219

7832

10-8

6330

4557

2879

6-3

405

166

49-1

2-9

2006&07

44000

43548

62470

14-3

9150

7243

9249

7-9

6330

5154

2891

5-6

405

148

31-9

2-1

Conjumption of Fertiliser in the District

Kharif			Rabi
N	P	K	N	P	K
1	2002 - 03	1328	792	542	1029	605	61
2	2003 - 04	2189	1262	90	1671	794	131
3	2004 - 05	1973	143	69	1653	194	31
4	2005- 06	1310	235	70	708-8	67-7	34-4
5	2006 - 07	1540	350-60	95-8	1383-06	199-4	92-9
6	2007 - 08	1766-94	438-03	111-39	2192-56	120-4	85-0

N=Nitrogen, P=Phosphorus, K=Potash.

*********

Forest		Pasture	Land put to non agri. Use	Land under misc. plantation	Barren & unculturable land (waste land)
Reserved	Open
-	-	0.86	1171.964	26.24	80.7
1827.09	3419.03	1430.664	1990.028	267.7	1819.6
8680.00	1473.04	1432.096	2299.856	1692.356	3579.724
-	-	141.812	2315.368	86.536	44.344
90.08	1229.05	598.04	1763.048	81.38	1609.708
-	-	26.06	1223.028	82.18	121.568
-	-	51.24	1923.156	6.732	315.868
905.00	1587.00	298.64	4018.956	395.252	1705.876
857.09	540.02	282.896	1801.308	140.672	355.688